Question 1

A solutions architect needs to design the architecture for an application that a vendor provides as a Docker container image The container needs 50 GB of storage
available for temporary files The infrastructure must be serverless.
Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Accepted Answer

The AWS Fargate launch type is a serverless way to run containers on Amazon ECS,
without having to manage any underlying infrastructure. You only pay for the resources required to run your containers, and AWS handles the provisioning,
scaling, and security of the cluster. Amazon EFS is a fully managed, elastic, and scalable file system that can be mounted to multiple containers, and provides high
availability and durability. By using AWS Fargate and Amazon EFS, you can run your Docker container image with 50 GB of storage available for temporary files,
with the least operational overhead. This solution meets the requirements of the question.
References:
? AWS Fargate
? Amazon Elastic File System
? Using Amazon EFS file systems with Amazon ECS

Question 2

A company has a business-critical application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances. The application stores data in an Amazon DynamoDB table. The company
must be able to revert the table to any point within the last 24 hours.
Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Accepted Answer

Point-in-time recovery (PITR) for DynamoDB is a feature that enables you to restore your table data to any point in time during the last 35 days. PITR helps
protect your table from accidental write or delete operations, such as a test script writing to a production table or a user issuing a wrong command. PITR is easy to
use, fully managed, fast, and scalable. You can enable PITR with a single click in the DynamoDB console or with a simple API call. You can restore a table to a
new table using the console, the AWS CLI, or the DynamoDB API. PITR does not consume any provisioned table capacity and has no impact on the performance
or availability of your production applications. PITR meets the requirements of the company with the least operational overhead, as it does not require any manual
backup creation, scheduling, or maintenance. It also provides per-second granularity for restoring the table to any point within the last 24 hours.
References:
? Point-in-time recovery for DynamoDB - Amazon DynamoDB
? Amazon DynamoDB point-in-time recovery (PITR)
? Enable Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR) for Dynamodb global tables
? Restoring a DynamoDB table to a point in time - Amazon DynamoDB
? Point-in-time recovery: How it works - Amazon DynamoDB

Question 3

A company is creating an application that runs on containers in a VPC. The application stores and accesses data in an Amazon S3 bucket During the development
phase, the application will store and access 1 TB of data in Amazon S3 each day. The company wants to minimize costs and wants to prevent traffic from
traversing the internet whenever possible.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

A gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 enables private connections between the VPC and Amazon S3 that do not require an internet gateway or NAT device.
This minimizes costs and prevents traffic from traversing the internet. A gateway VPC endpoint uses a prefix list as the route target in a VPC route table to route
traffic privately to Amazon S31. Associating the endpoint with all route tables in the VPC ensures that all subnets can access Amazon S3 through the endpoint.
Option A is incorrect because S3 Intelligent-Tiering is a storage class that optimizes storage costs by automatically moving objects between two access tiers based
on changing access patterns. It does not affect the network traffic between the VPC and Amazon S32.
Option B is incorrect because S3 Transfer Acceleration is a feature that enables fast, easy, and secure transfers of files over long distances between clients and
an S3 bucket. It does not prevent traffic from traversing the internet3.

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Option D is incorrect because an interface VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 is powered by AWS PrivateLink, which requires an elastic network interface (ENI) with a
private IP address in each subnet. This adds complexity and cost to the solution. Moreover, an interface VPC endpoint does not support cross-Region access to
Amazon S3. Reference URL: 1: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/privatelink/vpc-endpoints-s3.html 2:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/storage-class-intro.html#sc- dynamic-data-access 3:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/transfer-acceleration.html : https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/architecture/choosing-your-vpc-endpointstrategy-for- amazon-s3/

Question 4

A company has two VPCs named Management and Production. The Management VPC uses VPNs through a customer gateway to connect to a single device in
the data center. The Production VPC uses a virtual private gateway AWS Direct Connect connections. The Management and Production VPCs both use a single
VPC peering connection to allow communication between the
What should a solutions architect do to mitigate any single point of failure in this architecture?

Accepted Answer

This answer is correct because it provides redundancy for the VPN connection between the Management VPC and the data center. If one customer gateway
device or one VPN tunnel becomes unavailable, the traffic can still flow over the second customer gateway device and the second VPN tunnel. This way, the
single point of failure in the VPN connection is mitigated.
References:
? https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpn/latest/s2svpn/vpn-redundant-connection.html
? https://www.trendmicro.com/cloudoneconformity/knowledge-base/aws/VPC/vpn-tunnel-redundancy.html

Question 5

A company has an application that uses Docker containers in its local data center The application runs on a container host that stores persistent data in a volume
on the host. The container instances use the stored persistent data.
The company wants to move the application to a fully managed service because the company does not want to manage any servers or storage infrastructure.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

This solution meets the requirements because it allows the company to move the application to a fully managed service without managing any servers or storage
infrastructure. AWS Fargate is a serverless compute engine for containers that runs the Amazon ECS tasks. With Fargate, the company does not need to
provision, configure, or scale clusters of virtual machines to run containers. Amazon EFS is a fully managed file system that can be accessed by multiple
containers concurrently. With EFS, the company does not need to provision and manage storage capacity. EFS provides a simple interface to create and configure
file systems quickly and easily. The company can use the EFS volume as a persistent storage volume mounted in the containers to store the persistent data. The
company can also use the EFS mount helper to simplify the mounting process. References: Amazon ECS on AWS Fargate, Using Amazon EFS file systems with
Amazon ECS, Amazon EFS mount helper.

Question 6

A company needs to use its on-premises LDAP directory service to authenticate its users to the AWS Management Console. The directory service is not
compatible with Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML).
Which solution meets these requirements?

Accepted Answer

The solution that meets the requirements is to develop an on-premises custom identity broker application or process that uses AWS Security Token Service (AWS
STS) to get short-lived credentials. This solution allows the company to use its existing LDAP directory service to authenticate its users to the AWS Management
Console, without requiring SAML compatibility. The custom identity broker application or process can act as a proxy between the LDAP directory service and AWS
STS, and can request temporary security credentials for the users based on their LDAP attributes and roles. The users can then use these credentials to access
the AWS Management Console via a sign-in URL generated by the identity broker. This solution also enhances security by using short-lived credentials that expire
after a specified duration.

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The other solutions do not meet the requirements because they either require SAML compatibility or do not provide access to the AWS Management Console.
Enabling AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) between AWS and the on-premises LDAP would require the LDAP directory service to support SAML
2.0, which is not the case for this scenario. Creating an IAM policy that uses AWS credentials and integrating the policy into LDAP would not provide access to the
AWS Management Console, but only to the AWS APIs. Setting up a process that rotates the IAM credentials whenever LDAP credentials are updated would also
not provide access to the AWS Management Console, but only to the AWS CLI. Therefore, these solutions are not suitable for the given requirements.

Question 7

A company offers a food delivery service that is growing rapidly. Because of the growth, the company’s order processing system is experiencing scaling problems
during peak traffic hours. The current architecture includes the following:
• A group of Amazon EC2 instances that run in an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group to collect orders from the application
• Another group of EC2 instances that run in an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group to fulfill orders
The order collection process occurs quickly, but the order fulfillment process can take longer. Data must not be lost because of a scaling event.
A solutions architect must ensure that the order collection process and the order fulfillment process can both scale properly during peak traffic hours. The solution
must optimize
utilization of the company’s AWS resources. Which solution meets these requirements?

Accepted Answer

The number of instances in your Auto Scaling group can be driven by how long it takes to process a message and the acceptable amount of latency (queue
delay). The solution is to use a backlog per instance metric with the target value being the acceptable backlog per instance to maintain.

Question 8

A company has an on-premises server that uses an Oracle database to process and store customer information The company wants to use an AWS database
service to achieve higher availability and to improve application performance. The company also wants to offload reporting from its primary database system.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?

Accepted Answer

Amazon Aurora is a fully managed relational database that is compatible with MySQL and PostgreSQL. It provides up to five times better performance than
MySQL and
up to three times better performance than PostgreSQL. It also provides high availability and durability by replicating data across multiple Availability Zones and
continuously backing up data to Amazon S31. By using Amazon RDS deployed in a Multi-AZ instance deployment
to create an Amazon Aurora database, the solution can achieve higher availability and improve application performance.
Amazon Aurora supports read replicas, which are separate instances that share the same underlying storage as the primary instance. Read replicas can be used
to offload read-only queries from the primary instance and improve performance. Read replicas can also be used for reporting functions2. By directing the reporting
functions to the reader instances, the solution can offload reporting from its primary database system.
* A. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to create an Amazon RDS DB instance in multiple AWS Regions Point the reporting functions toward a
separate DB instance from the pri-mary DB instance. This solution will not meet the requirement of using an AWS database service, as AWS DMS is a service that
helps users migrate databases to AWS, not a database service itself. It also involves creating multiple DB instances in different Regions, which may increase
complexity and cost.
* B. Use Amazon RDS in a Single-AZ deployment to create an Oracle database Create a read replica in the same zone as the primary DB instance. Direct the
reporting functions to the read replica. This solution will not meet the requirement of achieving higher availability, as a Single-AZ deployment does not provide
failover protection in case of an Availability Zone outage. It also involves using Oracle as the database engine, which may not provide better performance than
Aurora.
* C. Use Amazon RDS deployed in a Multi-AZ cluster deployment to create an Oracle database Di-rect the reporting functions to use the reader instance in the
cluster deployment. This solution will not meet the requirement of improving application performance, as Oracle may not provide better performance than Aurora. It
also involves using a cluster deployment, which is only supported for Aurora, not for Oracle. Reference URL: https://aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora/

Question 9

A manufacturing company runs its report generation application on AWS. The application generates each report in about 20 minutes. The application is built as a
monolith that runs on a single Amazon EC2 instance. The application requires frequent updates to its tightly coupled modules. The application becomes complex
to maintain as the company adds new features.
Each time the company patches a software module, the application experiences downtime. Report generation must restart from the beginning after any
interruptions. The company wants to redesign the application so that the application can be flexible, scalable, and gradually improved. The company wants to

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minimize application downtime.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

The solution that will meet the requirements is to run the application on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) as microservices with service auto
scaling. This solution will allow the application to be flexible, scalable, and gradually improved, as well as minimize application downtime. By breaking down the
monolithic application into microservices, the company can decouple the modules and update them independently, without affecting the whole application. By
running the microservices on Amazon ECS, the company can leverage the benefits of containerization, such as portability, efficiency, and isolation. By enabling
service auto scaling, the company can adjust the number of containers running for each microservice based on demand, ensuring optimal performance and cost.
Amazon ECS also supports various deployment strategies, such as rolling update or blue/green deployment, that can reduce or eliminate downtime during
updates.
The other solutions are not as effective as the first one because they either do not meet the requirements or introduce new challenges. Running the application on
AWS Lambda as a single function with maximum provisioned concurrency will not meet the requirements, as it will not break down the monolith into microservices,
nor will it reduce the complexity of maintenance. Lambda functions are also limited by execution time (15 minutes), memory size (10 GB), and concurrency quotas,
which may not be sufficient for the report generation application. Running the application on Amazon EC2 Spot Instances as microservices with a Spot Fleet
default allocation strategy will not meet the requirements, as it will introduce the risk of interruptions due to spot price fluctuations. Spot Instances are not
guaranteed to be available or stable, and may be reclaimed by AWS at any time with a two-minute warning. This may cause report generation to fail or restart from
scratch. Running the application on AWS Elastic Beanstalk as a single application environment with an all-at- once deployment strategy will not meet the
requirements, as it will not break down the monolith into microservices, nor will it minimize application downtime. The all-at-once deployment strategy will deploy
updates to all instances simultaneously, causing a brief outage for the application.
References:
? Amazon Elastic Container Service
? Microservices on AWS
? Service Auto Scaling - Amazon Elastic Container Service
? AWS Lambda
? Amazon EC2 Spot Instances
? [AWS Elastic Beanstalk]

Question 10

A company wants to move from many standalone AWS accounts to a consolidated, multi- account architecture The company plans to create many new AWS
accounts for different business units. The company needs to authenticate access to these AWS accounts by using a centralized corporate directory service.
Which combination of actions should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Accepted Answer

AWS Organizations is a service that helps users centrally manage and govern multiple AWS accounts. It allows users to create organizational units (OUs) to
group accounts based on business needs or other criteria. It also allows users to define and attach service control policies (SCPs) to OUs or accounts to restrict
the actions that can be performed by the accounts1. By creating a new organization in AWS Organizations with all features turned on, the solution can consolidate
and manage the new AWS accounts for different business units.
AWS IAM Identity Center (formerly known as AWS Single Sign-On) is a service that provides single sign-on access for all of your AWS accounts and cloud
applications. It connects with Microsoft Active Directory through AWS Directory Service to allow users in that directory to sign in to a personalized AWS access
portal using their existing Active Directory user names and passwords. From the AWS access portal, users have access to all the AWS accounts and cloud
applications that they have permissions for2. By setting up IAM Identity Center in the organization and integrating it with the company’s corporate directory
service, the solution can authenticate access to these AWS accounts using a centralized corporate directory service.
* B. Set up an Amazon Cognito identity pool. Configure AWS 1AM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to accept Amazon Cognito authentication. This solution
will not meet the requirement of authenticating access to these AWS accounts by using a centralized corporate directory service, as Amazon Cognito is a service
that provides user sign-up, sign-in, and access control for web and mobile applications, not for corporate directory services3.
* C. Configure a service control policy (SCP) to manage the AWS accounts. Add AWS 1AM Identi-ty Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to AWS Directory Service. This
solution will not work, as SCPs are used to restrict the actions that can be performed by the accounts in an organization, not to manage the accounts themselves1.
Also, IAM Identity Center cannot be added to AWS Directory Service, as it is a separate service that connects with Microsoft Active Directory through AWS
Directory Service2.
* D. Create a new organization in AWS Organizations. Configure the organization’s authentication mechanism to use AWS Directory Service directly. This solution
will not work, as AWS Organizations does not have an authentication mechanism that can use AWS Directory Service directly. AWS Organizations relies on IAM
Identity Center to provide single sign-on access for the accounts in an organization.
Reference URL: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/organizations/latest/userguide/orgs_integrate_services.html